MENILAI PERAN KETIMPANGAN DAN INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DALAM PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI REGIONAL: STUDI KASUS PROVINSI JAWA BARAT, INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34147/crj.v10i02.389Kata Kunci:
Ketimpangan, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM), Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Jawa Barat, Regresi Data PanelAbstrak
Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketimpangan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan ekonomi, sementara peningkatan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) umumnya berkorelasi positif dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Jawa Barat, sebagai salah satu provinsi dengan populasi terbesar di Indonesia, menghadapi tantangan unik dalam interaksi antara faktor-faktor tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur hubungan antara pengukuran ketimpangan dan berbagai indeks yang menjadi komponen IPM di satu sisi, serta pertumbuhan ekonomi di sisi lain, di seluruh 27 kabupaten dan kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Menggunakan regresi panel dari data cross-sectional dan time series, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ketimpangan dan indeks harapan hidup keduanya memiliki hubungan positif dan signifikan dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Temuan ini mungkin terkait dengan meningkatnya investasi oleh individu berpenghasilan tinggi dan produktivitas tenaga kerja yang lebih baik karena kondisi kesehatan yang meningkat. Sebaliknya, indeks pendidikan dan pendapatan tidak menunjukkan signifikansi, kemungkinan disebabkan oleh perbedaan kualitas pendidikan dan ketidaksesuaian dengan kebutuhan pasar tenaga kerja, serta keterbatasan pengukuran berbasis pengeluaran di wilayah dengan aktivitas ekonomi informal yang tidak sepenuhnya tercatat dalam data resmi. Temuan ini dapat membimbing intervensi yang lebih tepat untuk menyeimbangkan pertumbuhan dan kesetaraan di Jawa Barat.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Yudhistira A. Pramaditya, Dikri B. Karisma, Vieri M. Naufal
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