ANALISIS POLA SPREADING EFFECT DAN BACKWASH EFFECTDALAM MENGEKSPLORASI TEORI GROWTH POLE (STUDI KASUS: KAWASAN PERKOTAAN CEKUNGAN BANDUNG)

Bagas Wicaksono; Adinda Ellyanando; Thasya Lazuardi; Sylvia Destriani

doi:10.34147/crj.v12i01.451

Authors

Bagas Ghalih Wicaksono Institut Teknologi Bandung https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1492-4490
Adinda Ulya Nur Rahmah Ellyanando Institut Teknologi Bandung
Thasya Apsari Lazuardi Institut Teknologi Bandung
Sylvia Narulita Destriani Institut Teknologi Bandung

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34147/crj.v12i01.451

Keywords:

Backwash Effect, Bandung Basin Urban Area, Growth Pole Theory, Regional Inequality, Spreading Effect

Abstract

The Bandung Basin Urban Area is a strategic region contributing over 20% to West Java's GRDP. However, its economic growth faces serious challenges regarding the risk of spatial inequality between the core and peripheral areas. This study aims to analyze these dynamics to identify the tendencies of spreading and backwash effects within the framework of Growth Pole Theory. The methodology employs a mixed approach combining aspatial and spatial analyses using data from the 2018–2024 period. The aspatial analysis, utilizing the Williamson Index and Theil Entropy, confirms a consistent trend of increasing inequality, as indicated by the rise of the Williamson Index from 0.66 (2018) to 0.70 (2024), and the increase of Theil Entroppy from 0.15 (2018) to 0.30 (2024). Meanwhile, the spatial analysis using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) on economic, demographic, and accessibility variables reveals massive concentration patterns. The results demonstrate that the dominance of Bandung City as the core triggers a backwash effect that weakens the hinterland areas, specifically causing a decline in the economic ranking of Cimahi City and West Bandung Regency due to resource migration and the impact of the pandemic. These findings indicate a monopoly of the growth pole. Therefore, strategies to establish secondary growth centers and improve regional accessibility are required to promote a more balanced distribution of development.

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